Pesach/Passover - The Seder

Pesach/Passover

The Seder

Introduction

Next in a series of Harvests & Celebrations studies is Pesach/Passover - The Seder. Understanding the observance, beliefs, and terminology of the Passover Seder, will provide a greater understanding of the fulfillment of Passover by Christ, as well as, shed light on both the foundation of the current Lord's Supper and the prophecies concerning the fulfillment of the feast in the end.

The Passover Seder

The meal that took place on the night of Nisan 14 has been historically referred to as the Passover Seder. While the bible does not use the word Seder, nor lay out the steps for observance, there are a few scriptures that refer to steps within the ceremony. All of the steps surrounding the meal are symbolic and have spiritual meaning. 

Seder is the Hebrew word for “order”, “procedure”, or “arrangement”. The ceremony of the Passover Seder is simply the retelling of the release from slavery, the messianic redemption, and the final coming Kingdom. There is a booklet called “Haggadah”, which comes from a root word meaning, “to tell”, and the booklet contains instructions for the Passover Seder. The information below outlines many of the traditional items and steps that people have followed throughout the centuries.

The Seder Plate

The Passover Seder includes a Seder plate that holds six symbolic items. These are:

1. Zeroah

2. Beitzah

3. Karpas

4. Maror

5. Chazeret

6. Charoset

1. Zeroah  (“Arm”)

   1. The roasted lamb shank bone

   2. Alternatives include, a chicken neck, while vegetarians often use beats, symbolizing the lamb’s blood that marked the door posts

   3. Depicts lambs sacrificed during Passover

   4. Since there are no longer sacrifices, lamb or roasted meat is not eaten

      1. Understood to be the arm of God outstretched

2. Beitzah (“Egg”)

1. A roasted egg

2. Alternatives include, a roasted brown egg, while vegetarians may use an avocado seed

3. Depicts the burnt offerings brought during festivals

   1. Came to symbolize the cycle of life, the endurance of God’s people and the hope for a future

4. Since there are no longer sacrifices, the egg is eaten optionally during step 10 of the Passover Seder

3. Karpas (“Greens" or "Green Vegetable”)

1. Garden greens, originally hyssop; usually parsley; also celery, lettuce, or other leafy green vegetable such as watercress; with a bowl of salt water nearby

2. Alternatives include use of a potato if no green vegetable is available

3. Depicts the hyssop dipped in blood for sprinkling

4. Eaten during step 3 of the Passover Seder

4. Maror (“Bitter Herb”)

1. Traditionally a piece of horseradish root or romaine lettuce

2. Typically no alternatives are used

3. Depicts the bitterness of life in bondage

4. Eaten during step 8 and 9 in the Passover Seder

5. Chazeret (“Wrap" or "Wrapping")

1. Originally fresh grated horseradish; usually romaine lettuce

2. Alternatives include collard greens and mustard greens

3. No Depiction by itself; eaten by command

4. Eaten during step 9 in the Passover Seder

6. Charoset (From Hebrew Root "Clay”)

1. A primary mixture of apples, nuts, cinnamon, honey, and wine (From natural pressed grapes)

2. Charoset was an added tradition and a variety of recipes

3. Depicts mud mixed with straw (mortar) that slaves were forced to make and hope for a future by its sweet taste

4. Eaten during step 9 in the Passover Seder

The Matzah

Aside from the symbolic food items on the Seder plate, there are matzot placed at the side for symbolic purposes.

1. Matzah (singular) and Matzot (plural) is unleavened bread

   1. In the Seder, it is known as the “Bread of Affliction”

i. See Deuteronomy 16:3

Deuteronomy 16:3 KJV - "Thou shalt eat no leavened bread with it; seven days shalt thou eat unleavened bread therewith, even the bread of affliction; for thou camest forth out of the land of Egypt in haste: that thou mayest remember the day when thou camest forth out of the land of Egypt all the days of thy life."

b. Matzot that is used today, has a unique look that resembles biblical details of Christ death. It contains stripes, puncture holes, and marks that resemble bruising.

i. See Isaiah 53:5, Psalm 22:16, John 19:34

Isaiah 53:5 KJV - "But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed."

Psalm 22:16 KJV - "For dogs have compassed me: the assembly of the wicked have inclosed me: they pierced my hands and my feet."

John 19:34 KJV - "But one of the soldiers with a spear pierced his side, and forthwith came there out blood and water."

c. Symbolizes the food that was prepared as a result of having to leave Egypt in haste

i. See Exodus 12:33, Exodus 12:39, and Deuteronomy 16:3

Exodus 12:33, 39 KJV - "33 And the Egyptians were urgent upon the people, that they might send them out of the land in haste; for they said, We be all dead men. ... 39 And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual."

2.  Three pieces of Matzot are stacked together before the Seder and left until first used in

step 6

1. There are multiple symbolisms for the three pieces of stacked Matzot

   1. The three measures of fine meal used to bake cakes for the angels that visited Abraham

1. See Genesis 18:6

Genesis 18:6 KJV - "And Abraham hastened into the tent unto Sarah, and said, Make ready quickly three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes upon the hearth."

ii. Three groups of Jews known as Israel, Levi, and Kohen

iii. The unity of the Hebrew people

iv. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob

v. Father, Son, and Holy Spirit

Getting Started

There are a few steps that take place before the Passover Seder starts.

1.  Searching and cleaning out the leaven (Hebrew: “Chametz”)

a.  Cleaning out the leaven in the house can start a week in advance

b.  The final ceremonial search starts the night before Passover

c. A blessing is said before chametz search

i. “Baruch atah Adonai eloheinu melech haolam, asher kideshanu b'mitzvotav v'tzivanu al bi'ur chametz.”

​“Blessed are You, LORD our God, King of the universe, Who sanctifies us with His commandments and commanded us regarding the removal of chametz.”

d. Bedikat Chametz (“Search for Leaven”)

i. Performed by candlelight by the entire family using a feather and a spoon

ii. A small portion would have been left behind by the mother for the family to find

iii. Prayers are often said during the search for leaven

1.  Psalms 139:23-24

Psalm 139:23-24 KJV - "23 Search me, O God, and know my heart: try me, and know my thoughts: 24 And see if there be any wicked way in me, and lead me in the way everlasting."

2. “May it please you LORD to fill us with the light of your Spirit as we undergo our own inward bedikat chametz to remove any iniquity from within our lives.”

iv. Any remains found are swept up into the spoon, using the feather, then wrapped in a cloth and set aside to be burned outside in the morning

v. The father then declares the house clean for Passover

vi. There is an old custom of hiding and finding 10 pieces of chametz symbolizing the ten plagues

e. Jesus went into the house of God and drove out the sin just before Passover

i. See John 2:13-16

John 2:13-16 KJV - "13 And the Jews' passover was at hand, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem, 14 And found in the temple those that sold oxen and sheep and doves, and the changers of money sitting: 15 And when he had made a scourge of small cords, he drove them all out of the temple, and the sheep, and the oxen; and poured out the changers' money, and overthrew the tables; 16 And said unto them that sold doves, Take these things hence; make not my Father's house an house of merchandise."

f. Paul speaks about cleaning out the leaven/sin within ourselves

i. See 1st Corinthians 5:6-8 and Galatians 5:9

Galatians 5:9 KJV - "A little leaven leaveneth the whole lump."

1 Corinthians 5:6-8 KJV - "6 Your glorying is not good. Know ye not that a little leaven leaveneth the whole lump? 7 Purge out therefore the old leaven, that ye may be a new lump, as ye are unleavened. For even Christ our passover is sacrificed for us: 8 Therefore let us keep the feast, not with old leaven, neither with the leaven of malice and wickedness; but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth."

2.  Hadlakat Ha-nerot: The Candle Lighting

a. Done on the holy days and Sabbaths

b.  Traditionally lit by the woman of the House

c. Symbolic for the presence of God at the ceremony

d. Usually two single white candles in candlesticks are used

e. A blessing is recited after the lighting of the candles

i. "Baruch atah Adonai eloheinu melech haolam, asher kideshanu b'mitzvotav v'tzivanu l’hadlik ner shel yom tov"

​“Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the Universe, who has sanctified us with His commandments and commanded us that we kindle the Yom Tov (Holiday) lights.”

f. The lighting of the candle by a woman is often viewed by Christians as having resemblance to a woman (Mary) who helped bring in the light of the world. 

i. See John 1:1, 4-9, 12:46

John 1:1, 4-9 KJV - "1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. ... 4 In him was life; and the life was the light of men. 5 And the light shineth in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not. 6 There was a man sent from God, whose name was John. 7 The same came for a witness, to bear witness of the Light, that all men through him might believe. 8 He was not that Light, but was sent to bear witness of that Light. 9 That was the true Light, which lighteth every man that cometh into the world."

John 12:46 KJV - "I am come a light into the world, that whosoever believeth on me should not abide in darkness."

The Seder Steps

There are fourteen steps to the Passover Seder:

1.  Kiddush: (“Sanctification”)

a.  The first cup of wine is poured; known as the “cup of sanctification”

b.  Symbolic for God’s promises and their fulfillment

i.  One example is Exodus 6:6-8

Exodus 6:6-8 KJV - "6 Wherefore say unto the children of Israel, I am the LORD, and I will bring you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians, and I will rid you out of their bondage, and I will redeem you with a stretched out arm, and with great judgments: 7 And I will take you to me for a people, and I will be to you a God: and ye shall know that I am the LORD your God, which bringeth you out from under the burdens of the Egyptians. 8 And I will bring you in unto the land, concerning the which I did swear to give it to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob; and I will give it you for an heritage: I am the LORD."

c. It calls to remember all the works God has done

d. A blessing is said

i. "Baruch atah Adonai eloheinu melech haolam borei pri hagafen"

​“Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the Universe, who creates the fruit of the vine.”

e. Thanksgiving prayer is recited

i. “We thank you God for giving us the gift of Festivals for joy and holidays for happiness, among them this day of Passover, the festival of our liberation, a day of sacred assembly recalling the Exodus from Egypt.”

f. The Shehecheyanu blessing is said:

i. “Baruch atah Adonai eloheinu melech haolam shehecheyanu v'kiyemanu v’higiyanu laz'man hazeh”​

​“Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the universe, who has kept us in life, sustained us, and enabled us to reach this season.”

g. Everyone drinks of the first cup

i. Traditionally, one would drink this cup while leaning or reclining to the left

1. It derives from the custom of  high class/status individuals during Roman rule, where they would lay on their left side and reach with their right hand to eat food from a table

2. It is a sign of freedom

h. See the first sanctification through Moses in Sinai; Exodus 19:14

Exodus 19:14 KJV - "And Moses went down from the mount unto the people, and sanctified the people; and they washed their clothes."

i. See sanctification fulfilled in 1st Corinthians 1:2, 30, 6:11, 1st Thessalonians 5:23, 2nd Thessalonians 2:13, Hebrews 10:10, and 1st Peter 1:2

1 Corinthians 1:2, 30 KJV - "2 Unto the church of God which is at Corinth, to them that are sanctified in Christ Jesus, called to be saints, with all that in every place call upon the name of Jesus Christ our Lord, both theirs and ours: ... 30 But of him are ye in Christ Jesus, who of God is made unto us wisdom, and righteousness, and sanctification, and redemption:"

1 Corinthians 6:11 KJV - "And such were some of you: but ye are washed, but ye are sanctified, but ye are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the Spirit of our God."​

1 Thessalonians 5:23 KJV - "And the very God of peace sanctify you wholly; and I pray God your whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ."

2 Thessalonians 2:13 KJV - "But we are bound to give thanks alway to God for you, brethren beloved of the Lord, because God hath from the beginning chosen you to salvation through sanctification of the Spirit and belief of the truth:"

Hebrews 10:10 KJV - "By the which will we are sanctified through the offering of the body of Jesus Christ once for all."

1 Peter 1:2 KJV - "Elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace unto you, and peace, be multiplied."

2.  Urchatz: (“and wash”)

a.  The first washing of the hands

b.  Done in preparation to eat the Parsley dipped in salt water

c. This can be conducted by pouring water over the right hand three times and then the left hand three times

d. A bowl and pitcher can be used to pour water over the hands of another person

e. A blessing is first recited

i. “Baruch atah Adonai eloheinu melech haolam borei pri ha’adamah”

​“Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the Universe, who creates the fruit of the earth.”

f. See how cleansing took place following the first sanctification of God’s people in Exodus 19:14

Exodus 19:14 KJV - "And Moses went down from the mount unto the people, and sanctified the people; and they washed their clothes."

g. See the fulfillment of sanctification washing in scriptures like 1st Corinthians 6:11 and Hebrews 10:22

1 Corinthians 6:11 KJV - "And such were some of you: but ye are washed, but ye are sanctified, but ye are justified in the name of the Lord Jesus, and by the Spirit of our God."

Hebrews 10:22 KJV - "Let us draw near with a true heart in full assurance of faith, having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience, and our bodies washed with pure water."

3. Karpas: (Green Vegetable, Appetizer)

a.  A green vegetable, usually parsley as described in the Seder plate items

b. The vegetable is dipped in salt water, recalling the sprinkling of the Hebrew door posts that sanctified God's people

i.  See Exodus 12:22 

Exodus 12:22 KJV - "And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the bason, and strike the lintel and the two side posts with the blood that is in the bason; and none of you shall go out at the door of his house until the morning."

c. Symbolic for the spiritual sprinkling of blood that  sanctifies God's people

i.  See Psalm 51:7 and 1 Peter 1:2

Psalm 51:7 KJV - "Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean: wash me, and I shall be whiter than snow."

1 Peter 1:2 KJV - "Elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father, through sanctification of the Spirit, unto obedience and sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ: Grace unto you, and peace, be multiplied."

d. Traditionally symbolizes the tears shed during slavery in Egypt

e. A prayer is recited:

i. “Baruch atah Adonai eloheinu melech haolam, borei pri ha’adamah”

​“Blessed art thou, Lord our God, Master of the universe, Creator of the fruit of the earth.”

f. The vegetable is eaten

g. While eating the dipped vegetable, some also reflect on the many tears that Jesus shed for us

4.  Yachatz: ("Divide")

a. The middle Matzah is taken, “Yachatz” is called out, and the piece is broken in half

i. The bigger half is called, "Afikomen"

1. Afikomen derives from the Greek word “epikomen”; meaning "that which comes after" and "dessert"

ii. Christians view this as the Son who was broken for redemption

iii. The smaller piece is put back down

iv. The bigger piece or Afikomen” is wrapped in linen and hidden to be found later

1. In some Jewish traditions the Afikomen is “stolen” by the children and later “ransomed” for a reward

2. Viewed by Christians as taking Jesus’ broken body, wrapping it in linen, burying it and watching it rise again

3. Can also be viewed as once being spiritually lost but now is found

b. The following is recited; “This is the lechem oni—the bread of affliction—which our forefathers ate in the land of Egypt. All who are hungry-let them come and eat. All who are needy-let them come and celebrate the Passover with us”

c. The second cup is poured

5. Maggid: ("Telling")

a. The story of Passover is told

i. Some Haggadot use Psalms 105 and 106 to tell the Passover story

b. The children ask questions so they can be answered according to scripture

i. The Hagaddah gives examples of the different demeanors that children would have for each question

1. The Wise Child

The Wise Child's Question

"And when thy son asketh thee in time to come, saying, What mean the testimonies, and the statutes, and the judgments, which the LORD our God hath commanded you?" - Deuteronomy 6:20 KJV

Response to the Wise Child

"Then thou shalt say unto thy son, We were Pharaoh's bondmen in Egypt; and the LORD brought us out of Egypt with a mighty hand: And the LORD shewed signs and wonders, great and sore, upon Egypt, upon Pharaoh, and upon all his household, before our eyes: And he brought us out from thence, that he might bring us in, to give us the land which he sware unto our fathers. And the LORD commanded us to do all these statutes, to fear the LORD our God, for our good always, that he might preserve us alive, as it is at this day. And it shall be our righteousness, if we observe to do all these commandments before the LORD our God, as he hath commanded us." - Deuteronomy 6:21-25 KJV

2. The Wicked or Scornful Child

The Wicked Child's Question

"And it shall come to pass, when your children shall say unto you, What mean ye by this service?" - Exodus 12:26 KJV

Response to the Wicked Child

"That ye shall say, It is the sacrifice of the LORD'S passover, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our houses. And the people bowed the head and worshipped. And the children of Israel went away, and did as the LORD had commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they. And it came to pass, that at midnight the LORD smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle. And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house where there was not one dead....And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of the LORD went out from the land of Egypt. It is a night to be much observed unto the LORD for bringing them out from the land of Egypt: this is that night of the LORD to be observed of all the children of Israel in their generations." - Exodus 12:27-30...[31-40]...41-42 KJV

3. The Simple Child

The Simple Child's Question

"And it shall be when thy son asketh thee in time to come, saying, What is this?..."

- Exodus 13:14 KJV

Response to the Simple Child

"...that thou shalt say unto him, By strength of hand the LORD brought us out from Egypt, from the house of bondage: And it came to pass, when Pharaoh would hardly let us go, that the LORD slew all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both the firstborn of man, and the firstborn of beast: therefore I sacrifice to the LORD all that openeth the matrix, being males; but all the firstborn of my children I redeem. And it shall be for a token upon thine hand, and for frontlets between thine eyes: for by strength of hand the LORD brought us forth out of Egypt." - Exodus 13:14-16 KJV

4. The Unknowing Child (who doesn't know enough to ask)

The Unknowing Child's Question

"" - Exodus 13:8 KJV

Response to the Unknowing Child

"And thou shalt shew thy son in that day, saying, This is done because of that which the LORD did unto me when I came forth out of Egypt."

- Exodus 13:8 KJV

5. Deuteronomy 26:5-8 may also be read

Deuteronomy 26:5-8 KJV - "5 And thou shalt speak and say before the LORD thy God, A Syrian ready to perish was my father, and he went down into Egypt, and sojourned there with a few, and became there a nation, great, mighty, and populous: 6 And the Egyptians evil entreated us, and afflicted us, and laid upon us hard bondage: 7 And when we cried unto the LORD God of our fathers, the LORD heard our voice, and looked on our affliction, and our labour, and our oppression: 8 And the LORD brought us forth out of Egypt with a mighty hand, and with an outstretched arm, and with great terribleness, and with signs, and with wonders:"

ii. Jesus also taught on the four different attitudes and the responses they will receive

1. The Wise Servant/Steward

The Wise Attitude

Servant

"Who then is a faithful and wise servant, whom his lord hath made ruler over his household, to give them meat in due season?" - Matthew 24:45 KJV

Steward

"And the Lord said, Who then is that faithful and wise steward, whom his lord shall make ruler over his household, to give them their portion of meat in due season?" - Luke 12:42 KJV

Response to the Wise

Servant

"Blessed is that servant, whom his lord when he cometh shall find so doing. Verily I say unto you, That he shall make him ruler over all his goods."

- Matthew 24:46-47 KJV

Steward

"Blessed is that servant, whom his lord when he cometh shall find so doing. Of a truth I say unto you, that he will make him ruler over all that he hath." - Luke 12:43-44 KJV

2. The Evil Servant/Steward

The Evil Attitude

Servant

"But and if that evil servant shall say in his heart, My lord delayeth his coming; And shall begin to smite his fellowservants, and to eat and drink with the drunken;" - Matthew 24:48-49 KJV

Steward

"But and if that servant say in his heart, My lord delayeth his coming; and shall begin to beat the menservants and maidens, and to eat and drink, and to be drunken;" - Luke 12:45 KJV

Response to the Evil

Servant

"The lord of that servant shall come in a day when he looketh not for him, and in an hour that he is not aware of, And shall cut him asunder, and appoint him his portion with the hypocrites: there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth."

- Matthew 24:50-51 KJV

Steward

"The lord of that servant will come in a day when he looketh not for him, and at an hour when he is not aware, and will cut him in sunder, and will appoint him his portion with the unbelievers." - Luke 12:46 KJV

3. The Simple Steward

The Simple Attitude

Servant

No Account - Matthew 24 KJV

Steward

"And that servant, which knew his lord's will, and prepared not himself, neither did according to his will..." - Luke 12:47 KJV

Response to the Simple

Servant

No Account - Matthew 24 KJV

Steward

"... shall be beaten with many stripes." - Luke 12:47 KJV

4. The Unknowing Steward

The Simple Attitude

Servant

No Account - Matthew 24 KJV

Steward

"But he that knew not, and did commit things worthy of stripes..."

- Luke 12:48 KJV

Response to the Simple

Servant

No Account - Matthew 24 KJV

Steward

"... shall be beaten with few stripes." - Luke 12:48 KJV

5. 2 Samuel 7:14 may also be read

2 Samuel 7:14 KJV - "I will be his father, and he shall be my son. If he commit iniquity, I will chasten him with the rod of men, and with the stripes of the children of men:"

c. The ten plagues are spoken of while holding the second cup known as the “Cup of Judgment”

i. As each plague is spoken of, each person dips their finger into their glass and places a drop from the fingertip onto the plate

d. A song is sung

i. The song Dayeinu (Pronounced Die-YEAH-nu) means, “it would have been enough” and is often sung during this portion of the Passover Seder

Dayeinu Lyrics

Leader: God has shown us so many acts of kindness and grace. For each one, we say dayeinu. If only the Lord God had taken us out of Egypt . . .

People:  Dayeinu!

Leader: If only the Lord God had taken us out of Egypt and not passed judgment on the Egyptians . . .

People:  Dayeinu!

Leader: If only the Lord God had passed judgment on the Egyptians and not parted the sea

for us . . .

People:  Dayeinu!

Leader: If only the Lord God had parted the sea for us and not taken care of us and fed us manna in the desert for 40 years…

People:  Dayeinu!

Leader: If only the Lord God had taken care of us and fed us manna in the desert for 40 years and not given us the Sabbath rest . . .

People:  Dayeinu!

Leader: If only the Lord God had given us the Sabbath rest and not brought us to Mount Sinai and given us the Torah . . .

People:  Dayeinu!

Leader: If only the Lord God had brought us to Mount Sinai and given us the Torah and not brought us into the land of Israel…

People:  Dayeinu!

Leader: For all these, alone and together, we say . . .

People:  Dayeinu!

e. Some Passover symbols can be explained in this part of step 5

i. i.e. Pesach, Matzah, and Maror

f. Psalms 113 & 114 of Hallel are read

Psalm 113:1-9 KJV - "1 Praise ye the LORD. Praise, O ye servants of the LORD, praise the name of the LORD. 2 Blessed be the name of the LORD from this time forth and for evermore. 3 From the rising of the sun unto the going down of the same the LORD'S name is to be praised. 4 The LORD is high above all nations, and his glory above the heavens. 5 Who is like unto the LORD our God, who dwelleth on high, 6 Who humbleth himself to behold the things that are in heaven, and in the earth! 7 He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, and lifteth the needy out of the dunghill; 8 That he may set him with princes, even with the princes of his people. 9 He maketh the barren woman to keep house, and to be a joyful mother of children. Praise ye the LORD."

Psalm 114:1-8 KJV - "1 When Israel went out of Egypt, the house of Jacob from a people of strange language; 2 Judah was his sanctuary, and Israel his dominion. 3 The sea saw it, and fled: Jordan was driven back. 4 The mountains skipped like rams, and the little hills like lambs. 5 What ailed thee, O thou sea, that thou fleddest? thou Jordan, that thou wast driven back? 6 Ye mountains, that ye skipped like rams; and ye little hills, like lambs? 7 Tremble, thou earth, at the presence of the Lord, at the presence of the God of Jacob; 8 Which turned the rock into a standing water, the flint into a fountain of waters."

i. Done for the thanksgiving of salvation

ii. A request for the final redemption is made

g. The second cup, the cup of judgment, is blessed

i. “Baruch atah Adonai eloheinu melech haolam borei pri hagafen”

​“Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the Universe, who creates the fruit of the vine.”

h. Each person drinks the second cup

i. Traditionally each person drinks the second cup while leaning/reclining to the left

i. It is recognized that only God affected the salvation of the people of Israel

6.  Rachtzah: (“Washing”)

a.  The second washing of the hands

b.  Done in preparation to eat Matzah

c. This can be conducted by pouring water over the right hand three times and then the left hand three times

d. A bowl and pitcher can be used to pour water over the hands of another person

e. A blessing is first recited

i. “Baruch atah Adonai eloheinu melech haolam asher kideshanu b’mitzvotav v’tzivanu al nitilat yadayim”

 Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the Universe, who has sanctified us with His laws and commanded us to wash our hands.”

f. The Christian baptism symbolism

i. Christians may recall the last washing that took place before receiving the body of Christ (Step 7)

1. See the washing that took place in John 1:28-31

John 1:28-31 KJV - "28 These things were done in Bethabara beyond Jordan, where John was baptizing. 29 The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. 30 This is he of whom I said, After me cometh a man which is preferred before me: for he was before me. 31 And I knew him not: but that he should be made manifest to Israel, therefore am I come baptizing with water."

2. See also Matthew 3:6, Mark 1:5, and Luke 3:21, etc.

Matthew 3:6 KJV - "And were baptized of him in Jordan, confessing their sins."

Mark 1:5 KJV - "And there went out unto him all the land of Judaea, and they of Jerusalem, and were all baptized of him in the river of Jordan, confessing their sins."

Luke 3:21 KJV - "Now when all the people were baptized, it came to pass, that Jesus also being baptized, and praying, the heaven was opened,"

ii. This also may be viewed by Christians as the washing that takes place after Christ’s  body was broken (Step 4)

1. See the washing that took place in Acts 2:41, Acts 8:12, etc.

Acts 2:41 KJV - "Then they that gladly received his word were baptized: and the same day there were added unto them about three thousand souls.

Acts 8:12 KJV - "But when they believed Philip preaching the things concerning the kingdom of God, and the name of Jesus Christ, they were baptized, both men and women."

7.  Motzi (“Bring Forth”)

a.  Matzah/Matzot is lifted up for a blessing

i. In some traditions only the broken middle Matzot is lifted up

ii. In some traditions all three pieces of Matzot are lifted up

b.  A blessing is recited

i. “Baruch atah Adonai eloheinu melech

haolam hamotzi lechem min haaretz”

​"Blessed are You, Lord, our God, King of the universe, who brings forth bread from the earth.”

c. Matzot is then broken into pieces and given to everyone

i. In some traditions the top Matzot is broken

ii. In some traditions the bottom Matzot is broken

d. Another prayer is recited:

i. “Baruch atah Adonai eloheinu melech haolam asher kideshanu b’mitzvotav v’tzivanu al achilat matzah”

​“Blessed are You, Lord, our God, King of the universe, who has sanctified us with His laws and commanded us to eat Matzah."

e. The Matzot is then eaten

i. Jewish laws have been added to the way this Matzot is consumed

1. A minimum amount/size eaten (2/3 Square)

2. A minimum and maximum amount of time taken to eat it (2-4 minutes)

3. Eaten while leaning/reclining to the left

ii. It is customary to kiss the piece of Matzot before eating it

f. The temporary life sustaining bread from earth was fulfilled by the living everlasting bread of life  

i.  See John 6:48-58

John 6:48-58 KJV - "48 I am that bread of life. 49 Your fathers did eat manna in the wilderness, and are dead. 50 This is the bread which cometh down from heaven, that a man may eat thereof, and not die. 51 I am the living bread which came down from heaven: if any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world. 52 The Jews therefore strove among themselves, saying, How can this man give us his flesh to eat? 53 Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood, ye have no life in you. 54 Whoso eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath eternal life; and I will raise him up at the last day. 55 For my flesh is meat indeed, and my blood is drink indeed. 56 He that eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, dwelleth in me, and I in him. 57 As the living Father hath sent me, and I live by the Father: so he that eateth me, even he shall live by me. 58 This is that bread which came down from heaven: not as your fathers did eat manna, and are dead: he that eateth of this bread shall live for ever."

8.  Maror ("Bitter Herb")

a.  Each person takes a piece of Maror

b.  Each person dips their piece of Maror in Charoset  and shakes off the excess

i. Historically matzah may have been dipped into a finely ground horseradish paste

ii. Derived from Exodus 12:8 and Numbers 9:11

Exodus 12:8 KJV - "And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it."

Numbers 9:11 KJV - "The fourteenth day of the second month at even they shall keep it, and eat it with unleavened bread and bitter herbs."

c. A blessing is recited

i. “Baruch atah Adonai eloheinu melech haolam asher kideshanu b’mitzvotav v’tzivanu al achilat maror.”

​“Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the Universe, who has sanctified us with His laws and commanded us to eat bitter herbs.”

d. Each person then eats the Maror with Charoset

e. Alternately, this step can be done without the use of Charoset

f. The Jewish people recall the bitterness and tears of bondage

g. Christians may also recall the bitterness of the bondage of sin and life once lived without Christ

h. Jesus and Judas dipped into this dish at the same time

i. Judas was still in the bondage of sin

ii. See Mathew 26:23, John 13:26-27, 30

Matthew 26:23 KJV - "And he answered and said, He that dippeth his hand with me in the dish, the same shall betray me."

John 13:26-27, 30 KJV - "26 Jesus answered, He it is, to whom I shall give a sop, when I have dipped it. And when he had dipped the sop, he gave it to Judas Iscariot, the son of Simon. 27 And after the sop Satan entered into him. Then said Jesus unto him, That thou doest, do quickly. ... 30 He then having received the sop went immediately out: and it was night."

 9.  Korech ("Sandwich" or "wrap")

a.  Known as the eating of the “Hillel sandwich” 

i. For recalling the tradition of the first sandwich made by the “Great Sage Rabbi” Hillel during the Second Temple period

b.  It is a Jewish added custom

i. Derived from Exodus 12:8 and Numbers 9:11 by combining each item

1. Charoset replaces the Paschal lamb since there are no longer sacrifices

c. Each person is given a large piece or two smaller pieces of Matzah

d. Each person puts Maror on one half of their Matzah

e. Each person adds Charoset to the same one half of their Matzah

f. The second half of Matzah is placed on top of the other to create a sandwich

g. It is customary for Jews to then acknowledge Hillel

i. “kein asah Hillel”

“So he Hillel did”

h. The sandwich is then eaten

i. It is customary for Jews to eat the Korech while reclining/leaning to the left

i. Eating the items together symbolizes both the bitterness of slavery and the sweetness of deliverance

j. This step is not necessary and Charoset is optional

k. Scripture does not show this step during Jesus' last feast

10.  Shulchan Orech (“Prepared Table” or “Set Table”)

a.  The Seder meal is ready to be eaten

b.  It is a time of rejoicing for freedom

c. It is traditional for some to start the meal by eating an egg that represents the burnt offering

i. This is optional since there are no longer sacrifices

ii. Many Christians will skip eating or using the egg since the Matzah and drink are symbolic for Christ’s sacrifice

 11.  Tzafun (“Hidden”/”Hidden One”/ “Concealed”)

a.  The Matzah/Afikomen that was hidden earlier is sought out

i. Historically symbolized as a coming future redemption

ii. Symbolic for seeking out God’s promise

1. Scripture shows there are some that will seek the promise but will not find it

a. See John 7:34, 8:21, 13:33

John 7:34 KJV - "Ye shall seek me, and shall not find me: and where I am, thither ye cannot come."

John 8:21 KJV - "Then said Jesus again unto them, I go my way, and ye shall seek me, and shall die in your sins: whither I go, ye cannot come."

John 13:33 KJV - "Little children, yet a little while I am with you. Ye shall seek me: and as I said unto the Jews, Whither I go, ye cannot come; so now I say to you."

b. See also Luke 10:21 

Luke 10:21 KJV - "In that hour Jesus rejoiced in spirit, and said, I thank thee, O Father, Lord of heaven and earth, that thou hast hid these things from the wise and prudent, and hast revealed them unto babes: even so, Father; for so it seemed good in thy sight."

b.  The Afikomen is found and a reward is given to the one who finds it

i. In some Jewish traditions a child is paid a “ransom” for the “stolen” Afikomen

1. In Christianity, just like the wages of sin is death, there is a payment given to take back that which was ransomed

a. See Isaiah 35:10, 51:10, and Jeremiah 31:11

Isaiah 35:10 KJV - "And the ransomed of the LORD shall return, and come to Zion with songs and everlasting joy upon their heads: they shall obtain joy and gladness, and sorrow and sighing shall flee away."

Isaiah 51:10 KJV - "Art thou not it which hath dried the sea, the waters of the great deep; that hath made the depths of the sea a way for the ransomed to pass over?"

Jeremiah 31:11 KJV - "For the LORD hath redeemed Jacob, and ransomed him from the hand of him that was stronger than he."

ii. In many traditions a child who finds the Afikomen in the Hide-and-seek method is given a reward like money or chocolate

iii. For Christians, Jesus is the bread of life and eternal life is the reward for seeking out the bread of life

1. See Proverbs 8:35, John 6:32-35, 48, 50, 51, 53-58

Proverbs 8:35 KJV - "For whoso findeth me findeth life, and shall obtain favour of the LORD."

John 6:32-35, 48, 50-51, 53-58 KJV - "32 Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Moses gave you not that bread from heaven; but my Father giveth you the true bread from heaven. 33 For the bread of God is he which cometh down from heaven, and giveth life unto the world. 34 Then said they unto him, Lord, evermore give us this bread. 35 And Jesus said unto them, I am the bread of life: he that cometh to me shall never hunger; and he that believeth on me shall never thirst... 48 I am that bread of life... 50 This is the bread which cometh down from heaven, that a man may eat thereof, and not die. 51 I am the living bread which came down from heaven: if any man eat of this bread, he shall live for ever: and the bread that I will give is my flesh, which I will give for the life of the world... 53 Then Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Except ye eat the flesh of the Son of man, and drink his blood, ye have no life in you. 54 Whoso eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, hath eternal life; and I will raise him up at the last day. 55 For my flesh is meat indeed, and my blood is drink indeed. 56 He that eateth my flesh, and drinketh my blood, dwelleth in me, and I in him. 57 As the living Father hath sent me, and I live by the Father: so he that eateth me, even he shall live by me. 58 This is that bread which came down from heaven: not as your fathers did eat manna, and are dead: he that eateth of this bread shall live for ever."

c. The Afikomen is then broken into pieces for everyone

i. This is the bread that Jesus broke and gave to his disciples during his last feast

1. See Matthew 26:26, Mark 14:22, Luke 22:19, 1st Corinthians 11:23-24

Matthew 26:26 KJV - "And as they were eating, Jesus took bread, and blessed it, and brake it, and gave it to the disciples, and said, Take, eat; this is my body."

Mark 14:22 KJV - "And as they did eat, Jesus took bread, and blessed, and brake it, and gave to them, and said, Take, eat: this is my body."

Luke 22:19 KJV - "And he took bread, and gave thanks, and brake it, and gave unto them, saying, This is my body which is given for you: this do in remembrance of me."

1 Corinthians 11:23-24 KJV - "23 For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, That the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread: 24 And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me."

d. Christians who are saved through faith in Jesus Christ partake in this step as a part of communion

i.  See 1st Corinthians 10:16-17

1 Corinthians 10:16-17 KJV - "16 The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ? 17 For we being many are one bread, and one body: for we are all partakers of that one bread."

e. Each person eats their piece of Matzah/Afikomen

i. Traditionally eaten while leaning/reclining to the left

ii. Christians eat the unleavened bread in remembrance of Jesus’ atoning sacrifice for sins

1. See Luke 22:19, 1st Corinthians 11:24, 26

1 Corinthians 11:24, 26 KJV - "24 And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me. ... 26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till he come."

12.  Barech (“Had Blessed” or “Bless”)

a.  The third cup of wine if filled

b.  The Birkat Hamazon (“Blessing on Nourishment”) or after meal grace is recited

i. “Baruch atah Adonai eloheinu melekh haolam hazzan et haolam kullo betuvo, bechen bechesed uvrachamim. Hu notein lechem lekholbasar ki le'olam chasdo. Uvtuvo haggadol tamid lo chaseid lanu ve'al yechsar lanu mazon le'olam va'ed, ba'avur shemo haggadol. Ki hu El zan umfarneis lakhol, umeitiv lakol umeikhin mazon lekhol b'riyotav, asher bara. Baruch atah hazzan et hakkol. Amein.”

 "Blessed are you, LORD our God, master of the universe, who nourishes the whole world in goodness, with grace, kindness, and compassion. He gives bread to all flesh, for His mercy endures forever. And through His great goodness we have never lacked, nor will we lack food forever, for the sake of His great Name. For He is God, who nourishes and sustains all, and does good to all, and prepares food for all His creatures which He created. Blessed are You, LORD, who nourishes all. Amen”

c. The blessing over the third cup of wine is recited

i. “Baruch atah Adonai eloheinu melech haolam borei pri hagafen”

​“Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the Universe, who creates the fruit of the vine.”

d. Each person drinks the third cup

i. Traditionally each person drinks the third cup while leaning/reclining to the left

e. The third cup of wine is known as the “cup of redemption” and "the cup of blessing"

i. Jesus gave this cup to his disciples during his last supper

1. See Matthew 26:27-28, Mark 14:23-24, Luke 22:20, 1st Corinthians 11:25-26

Matthew 26:27-28 KJV - "27 And he took the cup, and gave thanks, and gave it to them, saying, Drink ye all of it; 28 For this is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many for the remission of sins."

Mark 14:23-24 KJV - "23 And he took the cup, and when he had given thanks, he gave it to them: and they all drank of it. 24 And he said unto them, This is my blood of the new testament, which is shed for many."

Luke 22:20 KJV - "Likewise also the cup after supper, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood, which is shed for you."

1 Corinthians 11:25-26 KJV - "25 After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me. 26 For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till he come."

2. See also Revelation 1:5

Revelation 1:5 KJV - "And from Jesus Christ, who is the faithful witness, and the first begotten of the dead, and the prince of the kings of the earth. Unto him that loved us, and washed us from our sins in his own blood,"

f. Christians drink of the cup in remembrance of Jesus’ atoning sacrifice for our sins

i. See 1st Corinthians 11:25-26 above

g. Christians who are saved through faith in Jesus Christ partake in this step as a part of communion

i. 1st Corinthians 10:16

1 Corinthians 10:16 KJV - "The cup of blessing which we bless, is it not the communion of the blood of Christ? The bread which we break, is it not the communion of the body of Christ? 

h. The fourth cup up wine is filled

i. The fourth cup is poured in step 12 but each person drinks their cup in step 13

ii. The fourth cup is known as the “cup of Praise” and “cup of Restoration”

iii. It is also known as the “cup of the kingdom”

iv. This is the cup of wine that Jesus refused to drink of until He drinks it new in the Kingdom

1. See Matthew 26:29, Mark 14:25, and Luke 22:18

Mark 14:25 KJV - "Verily I say unto you, I will drink no more of the fruit of the vine, until that day that I drink it new in the kingdom of God."

Matthew 26:29 KJV - "But I say unto you, I will not drink henceforth of this fruit of the vine, until that day when I drink it new with you in my Father's kingdom."

Luke 22:18 KJV - "For I say unto you, I will not drink of the fruit of the vine, until the kingdom of God shall come."

i. The next part in this step is the Jewish tradition of welcoming Elijah

i. A cup of wine is filled for Elijah known as the “cup of Elijah”

ii. The front door is opened to greet and welcome Elijah into the home

iii. It is expected that Elijah is to come before the Messiah and herald in the one who will bring peace and redemption

iv. The song Eliyahu Hanavi  (“Elijah the Prophet”) is traditionally sung

1. “Eliyahu Hanavi, Eliyahu Hatishbi, Eliyahu Hagiladi, Bimheirah Yavo Eileinu Im Mashiach Ben David”

​“Elijah the Prophet, Elijah the Tishbite, Elijah the Giladite, may he come speedily to us in our days along with Messiah the son of David”

 v. Elijah’s plate is left empty and no one drinks from Elijah’s cup

1. Many Christians skip this part of the step

13. Hallel (“Praise”)

a.  The remaining Psalms 115-118 and 136 are read

Psalm 115:1-18 KJV - "1 Not unto us, O LORD, not unto us, but unto thy name give glory, for thy mercy, and for thy truth's sake. 2 Wherefore should the heathen say, Where is now their God? 3 But our God is in the heavens: he hath done whatsoever he hath pleased. 4 Their idols are silver and gold, the work of men's hands. 5 They have mouths, but they speak not: eyes have they, but they see not: 6 They have ears, but they hear not: noses have they, but they smell not: 7 They have hands, but they handle not: feet have they, but they walk not: neither speak they through their throat. 8 They that make them are like unto them; so is every one that trusteth in them. 9 O Israel, trust thou in the LORD: he is their help and their shield. 10 O house of Aaron, trust in the LORD: he is their help and their shield. 11 Ye that fear the LORD, trust in the LORD: he is their help and their shield. 12 The LORD hath been mindful of us: he will bless us; he will bless the house of Israel; he will bless the house of Aaron. 13 He will bless them that fear the LORD, both small and great. 14 The LORD shall increase you more and more, you and your children. 15 Ye are blessed of the LORD which made heaven and earth. 16 The heaven, even the heavens, are the LORD'S: but the earth hath he given to the children of men. 17 The dead praise not the LORD, neither any that go down into silence. 18 But we will bless the LORD from this time forth and for evermore. Praise the LORD."

Psalm 116:1-19 KJV - "1 I love the LORD, because he hath heard my voice and my supplications. 2 Because he hath inclined his ear unto me, therefore will I call upon him as long as I live. 3 The sorrows of death compassed me, and the pains of hell gat hold upon me: I found trouble and sorrow. 4 Then called I upon the name of the LORD; O LORD, I beseech thee, deliver my soul. 5 Gracious is the LORD, and righteous; yea, our God is merciful. 6 The LORD preserveth the simple: I was brought low, and he helped me. 7 Return unto thy rest, O my soul; for the LORD hath dealt bountifully with thee. 8 For thou hast delivered my soul from death, mine eyes from tears, and my feet from falling. 9 I will walk before the LORD in the land of the living. 10 I believed, therefore have I spoken: I was greatly afflicted: 11 I said in my haste, All men are liars. 12 What shall I render unto the LORD for all his benefits toward me? 13 I will take the cup of salvation, and call upon the name of the LORD. 14 I will pay my vows unto the LORD now in the presence of all his people. 15 Precious in the sight of the LORD is the death of his saints. 16 O LORD, truly I am thy servant; I am thy servant, and the son of thine handmaid: thou hast loosed my bonds. 17 I will offer to thee the sacrifice of thanksgiving, and will call upon the name of the LORD. 18 I will pay my vows unto the LORD now in the presence of all his people, 19 In the courts of the LORD'S house, in the midst of thee, O Jerusalem. Praise ye the LORD."

​Psalm 117:1-2 KJV - "1 O praise the LORD, all ye nations: praise him, all ye people. 2 For his merciful kindness is great toward us: and the truth of the LORD endureth for ever. Praise ye the LORD."

​Psalm 118:1-29 KJV - "1 O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: because his mercy endureth for ever. 2 Let Israel now say, that his mercy endureth for ever. 3 Let the house of Aaron now say, that his mercy endureth for ever. 4 Let them now that fear the LORD say, that his mercy endureth for ever. 5 I called upon the LORD in distress: the LORD answered me, and set me in a large place. 6 The LORD is on my side; I will not fear: what can man do unto me? 7 The LORD taketh my part with them that help me: therefore shall I see my desire upon them that hate me. 8 It is better to trust in the LORD than to put confidence in man. 9 It is better to trust in the LORD than to put confidence in princes. 10 All nations compassed me about: but in the name of the LORD will I destroy them. 11 They compassed me about; yea, they compassed me about: but in the name of the LORD I will destroy them. 12 They compassed me about like bees; they are quenched as the fire of thorns: for in the name of the LORD I will destroy them. 13 Thou hast thrust sore at me that I might fall: but the LORD helped me. 14 The LORD is my strength and song, and is become my salvation. 15 The voice of rejoicing and salvation is in the tabernacles of the righteous: the right hand of the LORD doeth valiantly. 16 The right hand of the LORD is exalted: the right hand of the LORD doeth valiantly. 17 I shall not die, but live, and declare the works of the LORD. 18 The LORD hath chastened me sore: but he hath not given me over unto death. 19 Open to me the gates of righteousness: I will go into them, and I will praise the LORD: 20 This gate of the LORD, into which the righteous shall enter. 21 I will praise thee: for thou hast heard me, and art become my salvation. 22 The stone which the builders refused is become the head stone of the corner. 23 This is the LORD'S doing; it is marvellous in our eyes. 24 This is the day which the LORD hath made; we will rejoice and be glad in it. 25 Save now, I beseech thee, O LORD: O LORD, I beseech thee, send now prosperity. 26 Blessed be he that cometh in the name of the LORD: we have blessed you out of the house of the LORD. 27 God is the LORD, which hath shewed us light: bind the sacrifice with cords, even unto the horns of the altar. 28 Thou art my God, and I will praise thee: thou art my God, I will exalt thee. 29 O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: for his mercy endureth for ever."

​Psalm 136:1-26 KJV - "1 O give thanks unto the LORD; for he is good: for his mercy endureth for ever. 2 O give thanks unto the God of gods: for his mercy endureth for ever. 3 O give thanks to the Lord of lords: for his mercy endureth for ever. 4 To him who alone doeth great wonders: for his mercy endureth for ever. 5 To him that by wisdom made the heavens: for his mercy endureth for ever. 6 To him that stretched out the earth above the waters: for his mercy endureth for ever. 7 To him that made great lights: for his mercy endureth for ever: 8 The sun to rule by day: for his mercy endureth for ever: 9 The moon and stars to rule by night: for his mercy endureth for ever. 10 To him that smote Egypt in their firstborn: for his mercy endureth for ever: 11 And brought out Israel from among them: for his mercy endureth for ever: 12 With a strong hand, and with a stretched out arm: for his mercy endureth for ever. 13 To him which divided the Red sea into parts: for his mercy endureth for ever: 14 And made Israel to pass through the midst of it: for his mercy endureth for ever: 15 But overthrew Pharaoh and his host in the Red sea: for his mercy endureth for ever. 16 To him which led his people through the wilderness: for his mercy endureth for ever. 17 To him which smote great kings: for his mercy endureth for ever: 18 And slew famous kings: for his mercy endureth for ever: 19 Sihon king of the Amorites: for his mercy endureth for ever: 20 And Og the king of Bashan: for his mercy endureth for ever: 21 And gave their land for an heritage: for his mercy endureth for ever: 22 Even an heritage unto Israel his servant: for his mercy endureth for ever. 23 Who remembered us in our low estate: for his mercy endureth for ever: 24 And hath redeemed us from our enemies: for his mercy endureth for ever. 25 Who giveth food to all flesh: for his mercy endureth for ever. 26 O give thanks unto the God of heaven: for his mercy endureth for ever."

b.  Psalms are normally sung but reading is optional

c. A blessing over the fourth cup of wine is recited

i. “Baruch atah Adonai eloheinu melech haolam borei pri hagafen”

​“Blessed are You, Lord our God, King of the Universe, who creates the fruit of the vine”

d. Each person drinks the fourth cup

i. Traditionally, each person drinks the fourth cup while leaning/reclining to the left

e. Hymns are sung following the drinking of the fourth cup

i. Hymns were sung at the end of Jesus’ last supper

1. See Matthew 26:30 and Mark 14:26

Matthew 26:30 KJV - "And when they had sung an hymn, they went out into the mount of Olives."

Mark 14:26 KJV - "And when they had sung an hymn, they went out into the mount of Olives."

14.  Nirtzah (“Accepted”)

a.  “Nirtzah” is called out

b.  The Passover ritual comes to an end

c. It is hoped that the Passover was done properly and accepted by God

d. Everyone shouts a joyful declaration

i. Jews living outside of Jerusalem have their own traditional saying

1. “L'Shana HaBa'ah B'Yerushalyim”

​“Next year in Jerusalem”

ii. Jews living inside Jerusalem have their own traditional saying

1. "L'Shana Haba'ah B'Yerushalyim HaBenuya!"

"Next year in the rebuilt Jerusalem!"

e. When everyone is ready to leave, a final blessing is said

i. “Ye’varechecha Adonai v’yishmerecha, Ya’er Adonai panav eleicha v'ihuneca, Yisah Adonai panav eleicha v’yasem l’cha shalom.”

​“The Lord bless you, and keep you; the Lord make His face shine upon you, and be gracious to you; the Lord lift up His countenance upon you, and give you peace.

1. In many of the blessings, the word “adonai” replaces the original Hebrew word “YHVH” to avoid saying God's name in vain

ii. This blessing is known as the Aaronic blessing

1. Derived from Numbers 6:24-26

Numbers 6:24-26 KJV - "24 The LORD bless thee, and keep thee: 25 The LORD make his face shine upon thee, and be gracious unto thee: 26 The LORD lift up his countenance upon thee, and give thee peace."

Conclusion

This outline covered much of the traditional steps on the Passover Seder; however, many alterations have and can be made. While preparation for the Passover included repentance from sin and the inviting of the Holy Spirit, the first three steps of the Seder collectively show sanctification by blood and water that distinguishes God's people from all others. Steps 4 through 6 focus on division, understanding separation, obedience, blessings, and judgment. Steps 7 through 9 focus on blessings and the hearts condition to receive them. Step 10 brings fellowship and joyful communion with a meal. Step 11 rejoices in redemption and step 12 gives thanks to God with the outlook of hope toward the new Kingdom. Finally, step 13 draws the Seder to its end with praises to God. Step 14, it is finished!

The overall prophetic focus of the Passover Seder for Jews in today’s time is the looking forward to the redemption promised for God’s people. For Christians, the Passover ritual was, in most part, fulfilled by Jesus as he was the Paschal sacrificial lamb, the unleavened/un-sinful bread of life that was broken and wounded for transgressions, and the cup of the blood of his atoning death for the remission of sins. We can clearly see in the New Testament that John the Baptist already came in the spirit of Elijah and paved the way for Jesus, the Messiah. And we can see the transition from the past cleansings to the present baptismal cleansing of ourselves. We now wait for the complete fulfilling of the Lord’s Passover; a time when we will drink of the fruit of the vine new in the Kingdom of Heaven. Until then, we continue to break bread and drink of the cup of redemption, showing the Lord’s death.